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The Champagne region in France is recognized as the world's sparkling wine capital, renowned for its highest quality and festive aura. It is only here, adhering to strict regulations, that true Champagne is born. The region's uniqueness lies in its terroir – the harmony of climate, soil, and topography. Being one of the northernmost wine-producing regions, Champagne experiences both continental and maritime climate influences, creating ideal conditions for grape growing. Summers here are sunny, and rainfall is consistent.
However, the most crucial element of the terroir is the chalk soil, which makes up about 75% of the total soil. Chalk ensures good drainage and retains moisture, imparting minerality to the Champagne. The hilly landscape and the orientation of the slopes allow the grapes to receive maximum sunlight and ripen fully.
Seven grape varieties are permitted for Champagne production, but three dominate: 'Chardonnay', 'Pinot Noir', and 'Meunier'. 'Chardonnay' (31% of vineyards) in the Côte des Blancs region provides elegance, freshness, and minerality. 'Pinot Noir' (38% of vineyards), particularly prevalent in Montagne de Reims and Côte des Bar, is responsible for body, structure, and red berry aromas. 'Meunier' (31% of vineyards) in the Marne Valley adds fruitiness and suppleness. The other varieties ('Arbane', 'Petit Meslier', 'Pinot Blanc', 'Pinot Gris') are used less frequently.
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Champagne is divided into five sub-regions. Montagne de Reims is famous for 'Pinot Noir' and its Grand Cru villages. Vallée de la Marne is dominated by 'Meunier', and the soils here are more diverse. Côte des Blancs is the kingdom of 'Chardonnay' with its unique chalk soil. Côte de Sézanne also specializes in 'Chardonnay', but the wines here are more aromatic. Located in the south, Côte des Bar stands out with its warmer climate and the dominance of 'Pinot Noir'.
Champagne has a vineyard classification system called Échelle des Crus. The highest category is Grand Cru (100%), encompassing 17 villages. The Premier Cru (90-99%) category includes about 44 villages. Other villages are classified as Autre Cru.
Based on grape composition, Champagne is divided into Blanc de Blancs (only from white grapes - 'Chardonnay'), Blanc de Noirs (only from black grapes, 'Pinot Noir' and/or 'Meunier'), and Rosé (pink, made by adding red wine or macerating red grapes).
The bubbles in Champagne arise from the secondary fermentation in the bottle, known as the traditional method (méthode champenoise). This process involves the production of a base wine, bottling with yeast and sugar, secondary fermentation, aging on lees, removal of sediment, and dosage.
The Champagne region, with its unique terroir, grape varieties, sub-regions, classification, and traditional production method, is deservedly famous worldwide. Vyno Klubas invites you to discover the wines of this exceptional region.