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Cognac is a high-quality French brandy produced in the Cognac region of south-western France. Cognac is made from specific white grape varieties, mainly (almost 90%) 'Ugni Blanc'. In the production of Cognac, which is strictly regulated, the grape juice is fermented and double-distilled in copper pots (alembics).
This distillate is matured in oak barrels (Limousin, Tronçais or Aljé) for at least 2 years. Cognacs are labelled 'VS' (at least 2 years), 'VSOP' (at least 4 years), 'XO' (at least 10 years) and 'XXO' (at least 14 years) according to the length of ageing. During maturation, the cognac develops its flavour and aroma profile, with notes of vanilla, nuts, fruit and spices. This is followed by a blending process ('mariage') in which cognacs of different ages and vintages are blended according to the style of the house. The strength of the drink may be reduced with distilled water, sugar or caramel to give a complex flavour in keeping with the style of the house.